Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder associated with abnormally high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is classified as either type 1 (T1DM), which is characterized by severely diminished insulin production, or type 2 (T2DM), which is characterized by moderately diminished insulin production in conjunction with insulin resistance (insensitivity of the tissues of the body to insulin). Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. Diabetes can seriously impair overall quality of life and may lead to multiple complications including heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. According to the International Diabetes Federation, more than 245 million people have diabetes, with type 2 diabetes being the most prevalent.
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